Fig. 4. Candidate genes for honey bee behavioral plasticity. Shown are a subset of the 100 behavioral marker genes for which we replicated the findings in ref. (1) in the current study (hive-to-forager differences, p < 0.05) and have functional (Gene Ontology) annotation.  Genes listed without parentheses are putative Drosophila orthologs based on reciprocal best blast match. Genes followed by parentheses are best Drosophila match (BLAST e-value indicated). Two genes listed in parentheses are a predicted gene (GB10722) and an EST (BI516187) from A. mellifera with no Drosophila matches at BLAST e-value < 10^-5. Color and letter indicates direction of regulation: up-regulated (U); down-regulated (D); higher in forager (F), hive bee (HB), ligustica (L), mellifera (M). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.001; ***, p < 1 × 10^-6; n.s., not significant; marginally significant p-values are indicated for experience-dependence.  Statistical tests from Table 1. A total of 16 out of the 100 genes listed here met three predictions (see text) for genes that could play causal roles in the hive bee to forager transition.